Jungle Book Interview

Industry Vocabulary

BARB- This stands for the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. It is an organisation that complies audience measurement and television ratings in the UK.

Webcasting License- Firstly webcasting can be live or on demand. Webcasting licenses allow people who wish to carry out internet broadcasting using copywriter material.

Technological Convergence- This is the tendency for different technological systems to evolve towards performing a similar task ie. the combination of 2 or more different technological devices in a single device.

Semantic Web- This is a proposed development of the World Wide Web in which data in web pages is structured and tagged in a way that can be directly read by computers.

Internet of Things- This is the interconnection via the internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.

Binge-Viewing- This is the multiple viewing of episodes in rapid succession, this is either using DVD's or online streaming e.g. Netflix.

DAB- This stands for Digital Audio Broadcasting, it is a digital radio which is standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services. It is used in countries across Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific

Traditional Media- This is a term used to describe the everyday media texts that the public use daily, television, radio, newspapers, magazines, newsletters, tax press and the print publication.

Google Analytics- This is a web analytics service that is offered by Google which tracks and reports website traffic.

RAJAR- This stands for Radio Joint Audience Research. This is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK. It was set up by BBC and Radio Centre in 1992 to measure their audience sing the same system. It is a non profit organisation. It is owned and controlled by the industry it serves.,

NRS- This stands for the National Readership Survey. This is a system of demographic classification used in the UK. It was originally used to classify readers but is now also used by many other organisations for wider applications. It has become a standard for market research.

MIDAS- This stands for Multiple Intelligence Developmental Assessment Scales.

Cultural Imperialism- This is the domination of one culture over another. This can take the form of a general attitude or an active/formal/deliberate policy which includes military action.

Democratisation of the Mass Media- A media democracy uses information technologies to empower individual citizens and promotes democratic ideals through the spread of information.

Effects of Piracy- Piracy directly affects the profit of the software industry/film industry.

Horizontal Integration- This is when the production company expands into other areas of one industry. Merges with other companies help eliminate competition.

Vertical Integration- This is when a production company has the ownership of the means of production, marketing and distribution.

Diversification- Firstly, diversification is the action of making or becoming more diverse or varied. In media

Alternative Media and Independent Media- Alternative media is just media which is different from dominant types of media in terms of content, distribution and production. This could take form of print, audio, video, street art and internet. Independent media refers to any form of media such as radio, television, newspapers or the internet, this is free of influence by government.

Conglomerate- When 2 or more companies engage in a multi-industry company.

GRA- This is the Games Rating Authority.

PEGI- This is the Pan European Game Information, it is a European video game content rating system. This was established to help European consumers make informed decisions when buying video games or apps through the use of age recommendations and content descriptions.

Mediawatch UK- This campaigns for socially responsible media and against content which is potentially harmful. Originally known as The National Viewers and Listeners Association. They stimulate debate over impacts of potentially harmful media. They campaign against violent, sexually explicit and obscene material in the media.

IPSO- This is the Independent Press Standards Organisation. This is an independent regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry in the UK.

Watershed- This is protecting children from harmful material on TV and radio.

OFCOM- This is the communications regulator in the UK. They regulate the TV, radio, video-on-demand sectors, fixed-line telecoms (phones), mobiles and postal services.

BBC Charter- This is an accompanying agreement which recognises its editorial independence and sets outfits pubic obligations in detail.

Synergy- This is the interaction cooperation of 2 or more organisations or other agents to produce a combines effect greater than the sum of their separate effects e.g. The Greatest Showman and their soundtrack.

PSB- This is Public service broadcasting which refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than serve purely commercial interests.

Broadcast Code- This is the rule book for TV channels and radio stations and sets for standards for programmes which broadcasters have to follow. The Code exists to protect viewers and listeners from harmful and offensive content but also ensures that broadcasters have the freedom to make challenging programmes.

IWF- This is the Internet Watch Foundation. They attempt to remove all child sexual abuse images offline, this is their main focus for all their communications and campaigns. They work internationally to ensure the internet is a safer place.

Jungle Book OCR Media Booklet

Junge Book Distribution Essay

Essay on Distribution

Disney is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate. Disney has created and brought many films during its time as a film company. Disney is very popular among a ranges of ages, especially when they recreated old, traditional films for example The Jungle Book and Beauty and the Beast. They are the world’s second largest media conglomerate after Comcast.

Disney have a cross promotional happy meal with McDonalds which brings attention to their films and gives McDonalds a toy to put into their meals, this allows films such as the jungle book to gain exposure from kids having the toys of the film before they even see the film. Disney’s relationship with Walmart allows Disney to make toys that are sold in Walmart which brings revenue to both companies and allows Disney more money to make their film.

Over the next few years, Disney have a plan to form their very own in-house streaming service to carry its own intellectual property. For example, Disney have been removing their films from services such as Netflix so that essentially, they are exclusive to their own media streaming service. 

In 1967 Disney relied on services such as radio and TV to promote their film as well as film posters compared to the 2016 film which used a teaser trailers as well as partnership and cross promotion with big brands such as Walmart and McDonalds, allowing them to focus on appealing to their target market as well as a new audience as Disney first promoted the 2016 jungle book on the super bowl in an attempt to appeal to a wider male audience and adults instead of just families and young children. Other ways Disney promoted the 1967 Jungle book film was through re- releases of the film in special editions to make it seem limited edition.

A term used by Walt Disney Studios for its policy of putting many of its most popular home video release of Walt Disney on moratorium. Each Disney film is available for purchase for a limited time, after which it is put "in the vault" and not made available in stores for several years until it is once again released. This also mean digital copies are not available on Disney Movies Anywhere when those movies are currently in the Disney Vault.

The distribution of JB16 was all about making the jungle look realistic while still having that movie feel. So due to the trailers that came out which was about 2 minutes long and the teaser trailer which was about 1.30 minutes long. And the several posters which interpreted lots of things such as who the characters are played by and what they will look like on the big screen. 

The jungle book spent $175  million of the film and The film became a huge financial success and a surprise hit. Earning $364 million in the United States and Canada and $602.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $966.6 million, against a budget of $175 million. The IMAX and 3D showings of the Jungle book attracted audiences through the gimmick of 3D and IMAX, The advantages of these help attract more audiences. Some of the audience possibly aren’t as interested in the story as much as the 3D IMAX. Similarly, the use of the technologies alongside the CGI meant that a darker version of the film could captivate a larger demographic, while also still appealing to children. The 3D IMAX versions also show how large Disney has become has a company, with the ability to create large blockbusters in these technologies.

Conclusion

To conclude it is important to stress the importance of distribution to a conglomerate like Disney. Without effective distribution patterns films could easily underachieve profit wise for example but it must be remembered that distribution cannot be seen in isolation because it can quite easily be linked to the principle of synergy, as one business theorist states ‘industries rely on repetition through use of stars, genres, franchises, repeatable narratives and so on to sell formats to audiences, then industries try to impose scarcity to keep demand high.’ This is very true of Disney who with the original Jungle Book 1967 found himself with limited avenues of distribution – namely TV  and film, thus to keep The Jungle Book characters fresh in the minds of audiences the company created other programmes and ancillary products from 1967  to the early 2000’s to keep alive the idea of the characters so that in the future there could be a potential remake or reboot of the original film, these other programmes included Talespin, a cartoon starring many of the characters from the original film and Jungle Cubs – another cartoon which explored Baloo, Shere Khan and other characters’ lives as children, the aim of these products were to not only to keep audiences entertained but to keep the Jungle Book franchise fresh and active although more importantly , a means by which one media product can promote another media product by the same company, a term called synergy `and one which will only improve with the creation of Disney’s new streaming service in 2019.

Jungle Book Marketing/Circulation Essay

Essay on Marketing/Circulation 

 

Paragraph 1 Disney as conglomerate

 

  Disney is a huge conglomerate who own an immense number of well-known companies such as Pixar and LucasFilm. They are the second largest media conglomerate after Comcast. They are best known for their film studio, which is one of the largest and best-known studios in American cinema.

 

  Favreau introduced the film by putting out teaser trailers eg at Super Bowl and released stills from the film to give an insight of the film. In order to appeal to a variety of audiences through the trailer, they chose to write from ‘the producers of Pirates of the Caribbean’ instead of the producers of Cinderella from example. This was more likely to attract male audiences. A Jon Favreau also deliberately wanted the animals to seem realistic so it would seem more suitable for older people.  

 

  Disney in 1967 and 2016 released different trailers, with 1967 trailer was a lot less quality and was nowhere near as good as the new one, this is because technology has become better and the budget Disney had to create the trailer was much bigger. The new jungle book trailer has marketed the film in a darker and more sinister way. Disney has made the film have more suspense by making the film not appear light hearted and a sing along film like it did in 1967. The 1967 trailer is more upbeat making it appeal more to a younger audience. The 2016 trailer is not only appealing to children but an older audience who watched the original jungle book. Due to this, the story is being portrayed in a more intense film. 

 

  The famous jazz singers were shown to be in the film in 1967 as people wanted to watch the film because they are in it such as in 2016 people watched the film for actors such as Bill Murray and Scarlett Johansson.

 

  There are many similarities between the 2016 and 1967 Jungle Book film posters for example Disney re-created some of the posters by featuring one animal on the front of a poster as the feature much like in 1967 in order to focus on main characters and showcase their personalities before the audience would see the film. However there are many differences for example in 1967 the jungke book film was a cartoon and therefore the posters represent light hearted humorous cartoons suitable for their target audience of young children and families compared to the 2016 posters. The 2016 posters feature a human boy who plays the lead with a much darker and sinister feel due to a dark muted colour scheme with a focus on a flame torch appealing to a new more male and adult audience. 

 

  Is the term used by Walt Disney for its policy of putting may of its most popular home video releases of Walt Disney on moratorium. Each Disney  film is available for purchase for a limited time, after which  it is put "in the vault" and not made available in stores for several years until it is once again released. This also means digital copies are not available on Disney Movie when those movies are currently in the Disney Vault.

 

  After the 1967 film was released there was another film that was released called the jungle book 2. This was not a huge success because most people felt that after the first one there wasn’t a need for a sequel to the film which was already a massive hit. But this was in the period after Walt Disney had died so the company had a massive slump and this film was one of the reasons why. In the 2016 jungle book was released as a live action in comparison to the humorous and childish 1967 film. This was because they had widened the demographic to increase sales due the slump that occurred during the 70’s. They aimed to appeal to a wider range of audience and not just kids which revived him and bought more viewers. The VHS and DVD rereleases were created and released due to the hype and excitement of the first jungle book film dying down and the rise of DVD films. Disney wanted to jump on the rise of the DVD with the new release of the jungle book.

 

  To conclude, marketing has obviously changed. You could argue that with its licensing deals with Kenzo and its focus on aggressively targeting a secondary audience to build profits on the back of a family audience who always turn out for Disney films you could argue that Disney have grown smarter and more precise with their planning, however we must also not forget that there are still lots of similarities between the two eras, for example the use of stars and red carpet premieres to promote a film remains in place as does the creation of character posters and trailers as the fundamental basics of  Disney marketing so to me what is  forgotten is that Disney as a conglomerate have always been a master at marketing, it is why they are the number one entertainment conglomerate in the world and  yes some of the practices have changed but the whole reason why there was new version of The Jungle Book in the first place was because of the success of the first film, a success driven by an effective marketing campaign.

Jungle Book Production Essay

Essay on Jungle Book production

Disney are a major multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate. They are the world’s second largest media conglomerate after Comcast.

1.     Disney own many media companies eg ABC

-        Time Warner,, 21^st century fox, somy, CBS, Comcast

-        A state of limited competition, in which a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.

-        A new television streaming service.

Disney’s reputation in filmmaking is very well known which allows Disney to experiment with different film types and not have that much backlash as people will still go and watch the film. Disney has a reputation as a company that has a yearly plan which works and makes them the most reputable kids film company in the world. Disney managed to capture audiences in 1967 and 2016 due to the recreation of old, traditional films for example The Jungle Book. In 2016, Disney made a live action Jungle Book which not only appealed to young children but also to people who watched and loved the original. However, there have been films that haven’t done as well as planned for example, The Sword in the Stone.

During the production process of the 2016 Jungle Book Favreau adopted many techniques used in other Disney films that were similar to the jungle book for example the Lion King, where similar style scenes were used to enhance the creation of the film and create similar themed scenes in a whole new film. Favreau did this due to the popularity and success of the Lion King, however instead used CGI to create realistic looking animals and move away from a cartoonish appearance that appeals to a more limited audience.  The animals are seen to be quite realistic because even in the posters that they used to promote the film you can see how good the animals look. Also as seen in the trailer Baloo is one of the best graphically edited characters in the entire film with the character having it look like all of its individual hairs the movement and the speech.

They used the original film and also the book. However, the team were told not to read it in advance as they didn’t want to scupper the creative flow.

-        Rotoscoping is an animation technique that animators use to trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame, to produce realistic action. In the visual effects industry, rotoscoping is the technique of manually creating a matte for an element on a live-action plate so it may be composited over another background.

-        Xerography is the way of animating and colouring the original 1967 jungle book.  Xerography is the process of coloured powders adhering to parts of a surface remaining electrically charged after being exposed to light from an image. This created the bright and vibrant colours of the jungle book.

-        The colours were used carefully to captivate the audience to certain parts of a scene, and create contrast. For example, the tiger is the most colourful of the animals yet he is the most hidden, whereas Baloo is the blandest yet captures the attention in a scene through his actions. On top of this, with Kaa’s scenes, the variety of swirling colours in his eyes capture your eyes, as they would for Mowgli.

To conclude, the production process of both Jungle book films places technology and the experience of the audience at the heart of development. This commitment has not changed in the 80 years since the release of Snow White and by examining the production processes of both Jungle Book movies you can tell that the focus on technological change is just as important now as it ever was.

Jungle Book Powerpoint

Film Industry

4 Stages of a Film

1 Production-pre production/ post production

2 Distribution

3 Marketing

4 Exhibition/Exchange

Conglomerates- When two or more companies engage in a multi-industry company.

20= 20th Century Fox 

Purple= Paramount

Unicorns= Universal

Walk = Warner Bros.

Sausage= Sony

Dogs= Disney

Vertical Integration- When the production company has the ownership of the means of production, marketing and distribution.

Horizontal Integration- When the production company expands into other areas of one industry. Merges with other companies to help eliminate competition.

Things to consider before making a film:

-Concept
-Message
-Production timings
-Audience
-Budget cost

What is Audience?

-Mainstream and niche
-It is about the relationship between the audience and the institution
-The ways in which people engage with media
-Institutions are no longer interested in keeping the audience together but in 'triggering engagement' in people
-Shift from PUSH media (where producers push media at us and we receive and consume it) to PULL media (where we decide what we want to do with the media and access it the way it suits us).
-People are now distributing/making their own videos much more. It has gone from a VALUE CHAIN (products are made and distributed to audiences) to SOCIAL NETWORK (complex system where producers and consumers are mixed up)
-SOCIAL NETWORK is a problem for film producers because it means people can broadcast a bad response for everyone to see, therefore it might turn people off going to see the film.

Audience Engagement- This describes how an audience interacts with a media text. Different people react in different ways to the same text.

Audience Expectations- Advanced ideas an audience may have about a text. This particularly applies to genre pieces. Producers often play with or deliberately shatter audience expectation.

Audience Foreknowledge- The definite information (rather than vague expectations) which an audience brings to a media product.

Audience Identification- Audience feel connected to a particular media text

Audience Placement- Range of strategies media producers use to directly target a particular audience and make them feel that the media text is specifically 'for them'.

Audience Research- Measuring an audience is very important. Research is done at all stages of productions of a media text→audience will be continually monitored.

Counting Audiences

- Different types of media texts measure their audiences in different ways.
-Film figures are based on box office receipts and cinema takings rather than numbers of people who have actually seen it.

Franchises- Groups of films that will promote one another e.g.. Pirates of the Caribbean and Star Wars.

Disney Formula

1) 1 stars sequel/spin-off
2) 2 or 3 Marvel/Superhero movies
3) 1 or 2 live animation/action
4) 2 or 3 animated or sequel films/1 original

Synergy- Interaction of 2 or more forces working together creates a greater effect than the sum of their individual efforts eg. High School Musical with their soundtrack


What Does Film Marketing Involve?

-Involves all of the deals done to get the film shown and promoted.

'Above the line'- This includes marketing such as trailers, posters, radio, billboards and magazine advertisements. This is to promote brands and reach out to target audiences. It involves mass media methods for targeting larger and more general customers.

'Below the line'- This advertising is more one to one, word and mouth, search engine marketing, social media marketing and events etc. This includes journalist reviews, taking pictures of publicity stunts e.g. Jurassic World Statue. This is similar to direct marketing for reaching a smaller- more targeted audience, this also drives individual responses.

Top Grossing Films of 2017

1.Beauty and the Beast-$1.26 billion


2.The Fate of the Furious-$1.23 billion


3.Despicable Me 3-$1.03 billion


4.Spider-Man:Homecoming-$880.1 million


5.Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.2-$863.5 million


6.Thor:Ragnarok- $841.8million


7.Wonder Woman-$821.8million


8.Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales-$794.8million


9.It-$697.5million


10.Justice League- $635.9million